The Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) is the largest game animal found in central-European forests. Male deer reach a shoulder height of 104-124 cm, and a weight of 95-160 kg. Females are somewhat smaller and lighter, reaching a shoulder height of 90-110 cm, and a weight of 55-80 kg.

Animals that are not yet one year old are referred to as ‘calves’. One-year-old females who have not yet reproduced are called ‘maiden yearling does'. One-year-old males are ‘yearlings' – this also refers to a male deer with his first set of antlers (‘first head’). From the age of two, females are called ‘hinds’. Males are later simply referred to as ‘second head’, ‘third head’ etc.